Lecture Notes

Definition and Overview

• Papilloedema: Optic disc swelling due to raised intracranial pressure (ICP).
• Not a disease but a sign of underlying pathology.
• Bilateral in most cases; unilateral presentation is rare.

Etiology

• Increased Intracranial Pressure Causes:

  • Space-occupying lesions (tumors, abscesses, hematomas).
  • Hydrocephalus.
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
  • Venous sinus thrombosis.
  • Infections (meningitis, encephalitis).
  • Traumatic brain injury.
  • Metabolic disorders (uremia, hypercapnia).

  Pathophysiology

  • Optic neuritis.
  • Pseudopapilloedema (e.g., drusen of the optic nerve).

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