Early Flexure Formation (~5 weeks post-conception)
- Mesencephalic Flexure
- Forms at the midbrain-hindbrain (MHB) junction.
Developmental Stages of the Cerebellum
- Widens the neural tube dorsally.
- Thins the dorsal hindbrain, defining the roof of the future fourth ventricle.
Patterning of Midbrain-Hindbrain Junction (MHB)
- Three overlapping stages:
- Patterning of cerebellar anlagen territory.
- Formation of fourth ventricular roof structures.
- Neuronal proliferation and migration leading to cerebellar hemispheres and vermis formation.
Role of Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs)
- Crucial step defining posterior fossa structures.
- Isthmic organizer (IsO) precisely positioned at MHB junction.
- Interface between two transcription factors:
- Otx2 (caudal midbrain)
- Gbx2 (rostral hindbrain)
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